|
|
治療準則
2. 藥物治療
高血壓藥物治療分成很多類別,常見的有利尿劑(Diuretic)、血管收縮素轉換酵素抑制劑(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, ACEI)、血管收縮素II受器阻斷劑(Angiotensin II receptor Blockers, ARB)、鈣離子阻斷劑(Calcium Channel Blockers, CCB)、乙型交感神經接受體阻斷劑(β-blockers)、甲型1交感神經接受阻斷劑(α1-blockers)…等,然而根據不同的作用機轉、化學結構、臨床用途和副作用等,高血壓藥物分類會再細分成許多次分類,比如利尿劑可細分為thiazide、loop、Potassium-sparing diuretics和Aldosterone antagonists;鈣離子阻斷劑可細分為dihydropridines和nondihydropridines;β-blockers可細分為心臟選擇性、非心臟選擇性及內生擬交感神經活性。這麼多種類的降血壓藥物我們該如何替病人做最佳的選擇呢?
根據JNC 7的指引指出藥物治療選擇取決於血壓上升的程度和強制適應症的表現,若病人屬於單純非複雜性的高血壓,其首選治療藥物為thiazide-type diuretic,其次為ACEI、ARB、β-blocks、CCB,使用其中一種藥物即可,而難治的高血壓族群通常會合併一種以上的抗高血壓藥物做組合治療,但基本架構還是利尿劑加上ACEI或ARB或CCB為主;若病人屬於複雜且有強制適應症的高血壓族群,其用藥選擇如(表二)所列。
(待續)
參考資料
1. Pharmacotherapy A pathophysiologic approach 7th charpter 15 Hypertension.
2. http://www.uptodate.com. Overview of hypertension in adults.
3. http://www.uptodate.com. Choice of therapy in primary (essential) hypertension: Recommandation.
4. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2003;289:2560-72.
5. Hypertension: The Clinical Management of Primary Hypertension in Adults: Update of Clinical Guidelines 18 and 34. London: National Clinical Guideline Centre.; 2011.
6. Chiang CE, Wang TD, Li YH, et al. 2010 guidelines of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology for the management of hypertension. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2010;109:740-73.
|